CONTENTS Preface to the First Edition xii Preface to the Revised Edition xiv Principal Abbreviations xv INTRODUCTION I. Authorship 4 II. Date 25 III. Purpose 30 IV. History and Theology 35 V. The Relationship of the Fourth Gospel to the Synoptics 43 VI. Dislocations 46 VII. Sources 49 VIII. Place of Composition 54 IX. Background 55 TEXT, EXPOSITION AND NOTES I. THE PROLOGUE ( 1: 1-18) 63 A. The Word and God (1: 1-2) 64 B. The Word and Creation (1:3-5) 70 C. The Word and John the Baptist (1:6-8) 77 D. The Word Incarnate (1:9-14) 82 E. The Word's Surpassing Excellence (1:15-18) 95 II. THE BEGINNING OF JESUS' MINISTRY (1: 19-51) 114 A. The Witness of John (1: 19-34) 114 1. John and the Pharisees (1:19-28) 114 2. John and Jesus (1:29-34) 125 B. The First Disciple (1:35-51) 135 1. Andrew and Peter (1:35-42) 135 2. Philip and Nathanael (1:43-51) 141 III. THE SIGNS AND PUBLIC DISCOURSES OF THE CHRIST (2:1 -12:50) 153 A. First Sign - Water into Wine (2:1-11) 153 Interlude (2:12) 164 B. Cleansing the Temple (2: 13-17) 166 C. Destroying and Raising the Temple (2:18-22) 173 D. Jesus and People (2:23-25) 180 E. First Discourse - The New Birth (3:1-36) 184 1. The New Birth (3:1-15) 184 2. Reflection (3:16-21) 201 3. Jesus and John the Baptist (3:22-36) 208 a. A Question about Purifying (3:22-26) 208 b. The Reply of John the Baptist (3:27-30) 212 c. Reflection (3:31-36) 214 F. Second Discourse - The Water of Life (4:1-22) 222 1. Jesus' Departune for Galilee (4:1-3) 222 2. Living Water (4:4-14) 224 3. The Woman and Her Husband (4:15-19) 233 4. The Worship (4:20-26) 236 5. The Woman's Witness (4:27-30) 242 6. Christ's Food (4:31-38) 244 7. Samaritan Believers (4: 39-42) 249 Interlude in Galilee (4: 43-45) 252 G. Second Sign - Healing the Nobleman's Son (4:46-54) 254 H. Third Sign - The Healing of the Lame Man (5:1-18) 264 1. The Healing (5:1-9a) 264 2. Dispute over the Sabbath (5:9b-18) 269 I. Third Discourse - The Divine Son (5:19-47) 275 1. The Father and the Son (5:19-24) 275 2. The Son and Judgment (5:25-29) 281 3. Witness to the Son (5:30-47) 285 J. Fourth Sign - Feeding the Multitude (6:1-15) 299 K. Fifth Sign - Walking on the Water (6:16-21) 307 L. Fourth Discourse - The Bread of Life (6:22-66) 311 1. The Audience Gathers (6:22-25) 315 2. Food tha Abides (6:26-27) 317 3. The Works of God (6:28-29) 318 4. The Bread of Life (6:30-40) 319 5. Christ and the Bread (6:41-51) 327 6. Eating the Flesh and Drinking the Blood (6:52-29) 333 7. Words That are Spirit and Life (6:60-66) 337 M. Peter's Confession (6:67-71) 343 N. Fifth Discourse - The Life-Giving Spirit (7:1-52) 347 1. Jesus' Discussion with His Brothers (7: 1-9) 348 2. The Reaction of the Multitudes (7: 10-13) 355 3. Righteous Judgment (7:14-24) 357 4. Is This the Christ? (7: 25-31) 364 5. An Attempt at Arrest (7:32) 368 6. Jesus' Return to the Father (7:33-36) 369 7. A Prophecy of the Spirit (7:37-39) 371 8. Division (7:40-44) 379 9. The Failure to Arrest Jesus (7:45-52) 381 O. Sixth Discourse - The Light of the World (8:12-59) 386 1. The Witness of the Father (8-12-20) 386 2. Dying in Sins(8:21-24) 394 3. The Father and the Son (8:25-30) 397 4. Slaves of Sin (8:31-47) 402 5. The Glory the Father Gives the Son (8:48-59) 413 P. Sixth Sign - Healing the Man Born Blind (9:1-41) 422 1. The Healing (9:1-7) 424 2. The Effect on the Neighbors (9:8-12) 428 3. The Healed man and the Pharisees (9:13-34) 429 a. Preliminary Discussions (9:13-17) 430 b. The Man's Parents Examined (9:18-23) 432 c. The Man Examined and Excommunicated (9:24-34) 435 4. Faith in the Son of God (9:35-38) 438 5. The Condemnation of the Pharisees (9:39-41) 441 Q. Seventh Discourse - The Good Shephred (10:1-42) 443 1. The Parable (10:1-6) 445 2. The Application to Christ (10:7-18) 448 3. The Reaction of the Jews (10:19-21) 457 4. The Jew' Final Rejection of Jesus (10:22-42) 458 a. The Unity of the Father of the Son (10:22-30) 458 b. A Charge of Blasphemy Rebutted (10: 31-39) 465 c. Retirement beyond Jordan (10:40-42) 471 R. Seventh Sign - The Raising of Lazarus (11:1-57) 473 1. The Death of Lazarus (11: 1-16) 477 2. Jesus' Meeting with Martha (11:17-27) 484 3. Jesus' Meeting with Mary (11: 28-32) 490 4. Lazarus Is Raised (11:33-44) 492 5. The Reaction of Faith (11:45) 499 6. The Reaction of Unbelief (11:46-57) 500 S. The Close of Jesus' Public Ministry (12:1-50) 507 1. The Anointing at Bethany (12:1-8) 507 2. The Triumphal Entry (12:9-19) 516 3. The Greeks (12:20-36a) 523 4. The Witness of Prophecy to Jesus (12:36b-43) 534 5. A Final Challenge to Believe (12:44-50) 539 IV. THE FAREWELL DISCOURSES (13:1-17-26) 542 A. Two Significant Actions (13:1-30) 543 1. The Feet Washing (13:1-11) 543 2. Lowly Sevice (13:12-20) 550 3. A Prophecy of the Betrayal (13:21-30) 554 B. The Disciple' Questions (13:31-14:31) 558 1. The New Commandment (13:31-35) 559 2. A Prophecy of the Denial (13-36-38) 563 3, Christ, the Way (14:1-7) 565 4. The Father and the Son (14:8-14) 571 5. The Coming of the Spirit (14:15-17) 575 6. The Manifestation of Christ to the Disciples (14:18-24) 578 7. "I Go to the Father" (14:25-31) 581 C. The True Vine (15:1-6) 592 D. Persecution (15-17-25) 600 1. Suffering for Christ's Sake (15:17-21) 601 2. Christ Reveals People's Sin (15:22-25) 603 E. The Work of the Holy Spirit (15:26-16:15) 605 1. The Witness of the Spirit (15:26-27) 606 2. A Warning of Coming Persecutions (16:1-4) 614 3. The Work of the Spirit (16:5-25) 616 F, Some Diffculties Solved (16:16-33) 622 1. The Disciples' Perplexity (16:16-18) 623 2. The Disciples' Joy (16:19-24) 624 3. The Disciples' Faith (16: 25-30) 628 4. The Disciples' Peace(16:31-33) 631 G. The High-Priestly Prayer (17:1-26) 634 1. Prayer for the Glorification of the Son (17:1-5) 635 2. Prayer for the Disciples (17:6-19) 639 3. Prayer for Those Who Will Believe (17:20-26) 648 V. THE CRUCIFIXION (18:1-19:42) 654 A. The Arrest (18:1-12) 654 B. The Jewish Trial and the Denials (18:13-27) 661 1. Jesus Brought before Annas (18:13-14) 663 2. Peter's First Denial(18:15-18) 664 3. The Examination before Annas (18:19-24) 667 4. Peter's Second and Third Denials (18:25-27) 671 C. The Roman Trial (18:28-19:16) 673 1. Jesus Delivered Up to Pilate (18:28-32) 674 2. Jesus Examine before Pilate (18:33-40) 678 3. Behold, the Man (19:1-6a) 698 4. Pilate's Final Decision (19:6b-16a) 702 D. Jesus Put to Death (19:16b-42) 710 1. Jesus Crucified (19-16b-22) 710 2. The Division of Jesus' Clothing (19:23-24) 715 3. Jesus Provides for Mary (19:25-27) 716 4. The Death of Jesus (19:28-30) 718 5. The Piercing of Jesus' Side (19-31-37) 721 6. The Burial (19:38-42) 728 VI. THE RESURRECTION (20:1-29) 731 A. The Empty Tomb (20:1-10) 731 B. The Appearances (20:11-29) 738 1. The Appearances to Mary (20:11-18) 738 2. The Appearances to the Ten (20:19-23) 744 3. The Appearances to Thomas (20:24-29) 750 VII. THE PURPOSE OF THE GOSPEL (20:30-31) 754 VIII. THE EPILOGUE (21:1-25) 757 A. The Miraculous Draught of Fish (21:1-14) 758 B. Peter Restored (21:15-19) 767 C. The Role of the Beloved Disciple (21:20-23) 773 D. Authentication (21:24-25) 775 Appendix - The Woman Taken in Adultery (7:53-8:11) 778 INDEXES I. GENENRAL 787 II. AUTHORS 796 III. SCRIPTURE REFERENCES 806