Prefatory Note Introduction by C. K. Yang Part one – SOCIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS I. City, prince and God 3 1. On Chinese money 3 2. City and Guild 13 3. Princely Administration and the Conception of Deity: A Comparison with the Middle East 20 4. The Charismatic and Pontifical Position of the Central Monarch 30 II The Feudal and Prebendal State 33 1. The Hereditary Charismatic Nature of Feudalism 33 III. Administration and Rural Structures 63 l. Feudal and Fiscal Organization 64 2. Army Organization and Wang An-shih's Attempt at Reform 75 3. The Fiscal Protection or Peasants and Its Besults for Rural Society 79 IV. Selt-Government, Law, and Capitalism 84 1. Absence of Capitalist Relationships 84 2. The Sib Assoctation 86 3. Organization of the Sib 88 4. Self-Government of the Chinese Village 91 5. Sib Fetters of the Economy 95 6. The Patrimonial Structure of Law 100 PABT TWO-ORTHODOXY V. The Literati 107 1. Cofucius 113 2. The Development of the Examination System 115 3. The Typological Position of Confucian Education 119 4. The Status-Honor of the Literati 119 5. The Gentleman Ideal 13l 6. The Frestige of Offlcialdom 133 7. Views on Economic Policy 136 8. Sultanism and thc Eunuchs as Political Opponents of the Literati 138 VI. The Confucian Life Orientation 142 1 Bureaucracy and Hierocracy 142 2. Absence of Natural Law and Formal Logic of Legal Thought 147 3. Absence of Natural Sciences 150 4. The Nature of Confucianism 152 S Freedom from Metaphysics and Innerworldly Naturc of Confucianism 155 6. The Central Concept of Propriety 156 7. Piety 157 8. The Confucian Attitude Toward the Economy and Confucianism's Rejection of the Professional Expert 159 9. The Gentleman Ideal 161 10. The Significance of the Classics 163 11 Historical Development of Orthodoxy 165 12. The "Pathos" of Early Confllcianism 167 13. The Pacifist Character of Confucianism 169 PABT THREE TAOISM VII. Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy 173 1. Doctrine and Ritual in China 173 2. Anchoretism and Lao-tzu 178 3. Tao and Mysticism 179 4. The Practical Consequences of Mysticism 180 5. The Contrast Between the Orthodox and Heterodox Schools 181 6. Taoist Macrobiotics 191 7. The Taoist Hierocracy 192 8. The Ceneral Position of Buddhism in China 195 9. The Systematic Rationalization of Magic 196 10 The Ethic oí Taoism 204 11 The Traditionalist Character of Chinese Orthodox and llcterodox Ethics 205 12. Sects and the Persecution of Hieresies in China 213 13. The T'ai P'ing Rebellion 219 14. The Besult of the Devclopment 224 VIII Conclusions: Contllcianism and Puritanism 226 Notes 250 Clossary and Index 298